Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): What to Look for This Holiday Season

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of recurrent depression that appears during the darker, colder months. As winter settles in, many individuals notice shifts in their mood, energy, and daily functioning. For some, these changes become significant enough to impact work, relationships, and overall well-being. Understanding what SAD looks like—and how to support those who experience it—is essential for clinicians, caregivers, and community members.

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern, most commonly occurring in late fall and winter as daylight decreases. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, SAD involves predictable, yearly episodes that go beyond “winter blues.”

At BryLin Hospital, our mental health teams see firsthand how significantly SAD can affect adults and adolescents. Recognizing warning signs early allows for timely, effective treatment.

Common Symptoms of SAD

While many people associate SAD with sadness, the condition often affects multiple areas of functioning. Key symptoms include:

• Low energy and fatigue: A sense of exhaustion not proportional to daily activity and not relieved by rest.
• Difficulty concentrating: Reports of “mental fog,” slowed thinking, or decreased executive functioning.
• Changes in sleep or appetite: Hypersomnia and carbohydrate cravings are especially common in winter-pattern SAD.
• Loss of interest in activities: Decreased motivation or pleasure that disrupts daily life.
• Persistent sadness or hopelessness: Mood changes lasting most of the day, nearly every day for at least two weeks.

Why Understanding SAD Matters

SAD is more common than many realize, and it is important to understand that these symptoms are not a personal failing. They are related to biological changes, reduced sunlight, and disruptions in circadian rhythms. Most importantly, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is treatable.

What Can Help

Many evidence-based strategies can make a meaningful difference. These include:

• Increasing daily light exposure: Spending time outdoors or sitting near windows during daylight hours.
• Light therapy: Using a 10,000-lux light box daily, with clinician guidance.
• Regular physical activity: Movement boosts serotonin and stabilizes mood.
• Consistent sleep routines: Maintaining predictable bedtimes and wake times strengthens circadian rhythm.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Especially behavioral activation and reframing negative seasonal beliefs.

If symptoms become overwhelming, professional support can help. To connect with behavioral health services or learn more, visit our team at BryLin Hospital.

When to Seek Help

If mood changes begin affecting work, school, family life, or functioning, it may be time to speak with a mental health professional. Early intervention leads to better outcomes and helps individuals feel like themselves again.